電線電纜質量檢測指標

來源：金環宇電纜發布日期：2020-04-07 10:15

1、導線直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)的測量(liang)：

電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)主(zhu)要(yao)傳輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號。導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是其電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)指標(biao)(biao)，在交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作用(yong)時(shi)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻由于集膚效(xiao)應、鄰近效(xiao)應面比直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作用(yong)時(shi)大(da)，但在電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率為50Hz時(shi)兩者相差很(hen)小(xiao)，現(xian)在標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)只(zhi)能(neng)要(yao)求(qiu)檢測線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率是否(fou)超過標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)，通過此項的(de)(de)(de)檢查(cha)可以發現(xian)生產工藝中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)某些缺陷，如導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)斷裂(lie)或(huo)其中(zhong)部(bu)分(fen)單線(xian)(xian)斷裂(lie)、導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)截面不符合(he)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、產品的(de)(de)(de)長度不正確等。

2、絕緣電阻的測試：

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻式反映電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產品絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特性的重(zhong)要指標，與(yu)該產品的耐(nai)電(dian)(dian)強(qiang)度(du)，介質損耗，以及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料在(zai)工(gong)作狀態下(xia)的逐漸劣化(hua)等均有密切的關系。對(dui)于通信電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，線間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻過低(di)還會增大回路衰(shuai)減、回路間的串音及在(zai)導電(dian)(dian)線芯上進行遠距離供電(dian)(dian)泄(xie)露等，因此都(dou)要求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻應高于規定(ding)值。

3、電容及損耗因數的測量：

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)加上交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，就(jiu)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)值和(he)(he)頻率一定時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小是(shi)正比于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(Cx)。對于超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可能達到與額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可以相比的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值，成為限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)容(rong)量(liang)和(he)(he)傳輸距離的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)因素。因此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)也是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能參數(shu)之一。 通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)和(he)(he)損耗因數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)可以發現絕(jue)緣受潮，絕(jue)緣層和(he)(he)屏(ping)蔽層脫落等各種(zhong)絕(jue)緣劣(lie)化現象，因此(ci)無論在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)制造或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)運行中都有進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)和(he)(he)TANδ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)。

4、絕緣(yuan)強度(du)試驗：

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)(qiang)度是指絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)結構和絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料承受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作(zuo)用而不發(fa)生(sheng)擊穿破壞的(de)(de)能力，為了檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產品質量，保證產品能安全運行，所有(you)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)類型(xing)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜一(yi)(yi)般都要(yao)進行絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)(qiang)度試驗。絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)(qiang)度試驗可(ke)分為耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗和擊穿試驗。 時間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)般高于(yu)該試品的(de)(de)額定工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，具體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值和耐壓(ya)(ya)時間，產品標準中均有(you)規定，通過耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗可(ke)以考驗產品在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下運行的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性和發(fa)現(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)中的(de)(de)嚴重缺陷，也可(ke)發(fa)現(xian)生(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些缺點。

5、老化及穩定性試驗：

老化(hua)試驗(yan)(yan)即是在應力(機械(xie)、電、熱)作用下，能(neng)否保持性能(neng)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性試驗(yan)(yan)。

熱(re)老化(hua)試驗(yan)(yan)：簡單的(de)熱(re)老化(hua)試驗(yan)(yan)是考(kao)驗(yan)(yan)試品在熱(re)的(de)作(zuo)用下發生老化(hua)的(de)特性，把試品放在高于額定工作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)一(yi)定值(zhi)的(de)環境中，這樣在較(jiao)高的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)T下，得到較(jiao)短的(de)壽命。

6、熱(re)穩定(ding)試驗：

熱(re)(re)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗是電(dian)纜通過電(dian)流加(jia)熱(re)(re)的(de)同(tong)時還(huan)承受一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，在經(jing)歷一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)周(zhou)期(qi)加(jia)熱(re)(re)之后，測定(ding)(ding)某些(xie)敏感的(de)性(xing)能參數來評(ping)定(ding)(ding)絕(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)。 絕(jue)緣(yuan)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗分為長期(qi)的(de)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗或短期(qi)的(de)加(jia)速老化試(shi)(shi)驗兩種。

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