地線和零線有什么區別?零線與接地線在實際應用中有哪些不同

來源：金環宇電線電纜發布(bu)日期：2020-04-16 10:18

首先最直(zhi)觀的(de)區別就是我(wo)們國家(jia)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般使(shi)用黃綠(lv)雙(shuang)色線(xian)(xian)(xian)，而零線(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)用的(de)是藍色線(xian)(xian)(xian)，在家(jia)庭電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)火線(xian)(xian)(xian)和零線(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條閉合回路(lu)，且是有電(dian)流(liu)通過的(de)，而地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般是將(jiang)設(she)備(bei)的(de)外殼接到地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)防止出現(xian)漏電(dian)而使(shi)設(she)備(bei)外殼帶電(dian)，導致觸電(dian)事(shi)故。

零(ling)線(xian)是我(wo)國(guo)的習慣性說法(fa)，國(guo)外(wai)沒有零(ling)線(xian)的說法(fa)，電(dian)氣中(zhong)有三(san)種線(xian)：L(相線(xian)=火線(xian))、N(中(zhong)性線(xian))、PE(保護線(xian))，其中(zhong)L和N是帶電(dian)的，PE是不帶電(dian)導體(ti)。

從結構上看(kan)，零線(xian)(xian)是從變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器中性點接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)引出(chu)主干線(xian)(xian);接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)是從變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器中性點接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)引出(chu)主干線(xian)(xian)，根(gen)據標準，每(mei)間隔20—30米重復接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。從原理(li)上看(kan)，零線(xian)(xian)主要用(yong)于工(gong)作回路(lu)，零線(xian)(xian)所產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等于線(xian)(xian)阻×工(gong)作回路(lu)的(de)電(dian)流;地(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)不(bu)用(yong)于工(gong)作回路(lu)，只作為(wei)保護線(xian)(xian)。利用(yong)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)絕對(dui)“0”電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，當(dang)設備外(wai)殼發生漏電(dian)，電(dian)流會(hui)迅速流入大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。

零(ling)線與接地線在實際應用中不同(tong)：

1、零(ling)(ling)線的(de)對地(di)電(dian)位(wei)不(bu)一定為(wei)(wei)零(ling)(ling)，零(ling)(ling)線的(de)近(jin)接地(di)點(dian)是(shi)在變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)或者供電(dian)的(de)變(bian)壓器處(chu);地(di)線的(de)對地(di)電(dian)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)零(ling)(ling)，使用的(de)電(dian)器的(de)近(jin)點(dian)接地(di)。

2、零線(xian)有(you)(you)時(shi)候(hou)也是(shi)會電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)人的，比如(ru)(ru)生(sheng)活中，有(you)(you)時(shi)候(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐子不發熱了，有(you)(you)的朋友就(jiu)會以為(wei)是(shi)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，不會有(you)(you)危(wei)險(xian)。其(qi)(qi)實不然，因為(wei)有(you)(you)可能存(cun)在這樣的情況，即離你的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)很遠的地方N線(xian)斷(duan)開了，如(ru)(ru)果用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)一量就(jiu)會發現，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的LN線(xian)都是(shi)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓!你說(shuo)危(wei)險(xian)不?但接地線(xian)是(shi)絕(jue)不不會電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)人的，雖然也有(you)(you)例外，但那是(shi)極(ji)其(qi)(qi)特殊(shu)的，那多半是(shi)因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設計者完全是(shi)外行(xing)，極(ji)其(qi)(qi)不規(gui)范的產品。

如果在(zai)(zai)家中：通電(dian)，用電(dian)筆測，會(hui)亮(liang)的(de)全(quan)是(shi)火線。將總(zong)開關處(chu)的(de)零線斷(duan)開，只(zhi)接通火線，將家中的(de)燈打(da)在(zai)(zai)開的(de)位置，用電(dian)筆測，剛才(cai)不(bu)亮(liang)，現在(zai)(zai)亮(liang)的(de)全(quan)是(shi)零線。剩下不(bu)亮(liang)的(de)全(quan)是(shi)地(di)線。

最(zui)簡(jian)單的，拿個(ge)220V的燈泡，用電(dian)筆確(que)定火線(xian)后，分別用兩條線(xian)和(he)(he)火線(xian)接在燈頭上，從亮度上就(jiu)可以(yi)區別零線(xian)和(he)(he)地(di)線(xian)，亮的是零線(xian)，稍暗的是地(di)線(xian)。

要區分零線(xian)(xian)火(huo)(huo)線(xian)(xian)地線(xian)(xian)通(tong)過測(ce)試(shi)(shi)方式最能(neng)直觀的了解，在測(ce)試(shi)(shi)零線(xian)(xian)火(huo)(huo)線(xian)(xian)地線(xian)(xian)的時(shi)(shi)候一定要注意安全，按照相(xiang)關(guan)的測(ce)試(shi)(shi)要求來完(wan)成測(ce)試(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)，測(ce)試(shi)(shi)的時(shi)(shi)候也(ye)需要完(wan)全集中(zhong)在相(xiang)關(guan)的測(ce)試(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)中(zhong)，不能(neng)夠三心(xin)二意。在測(ce)試(shi)(shi)零線(xian)(xian)火(huo)(huo)線(xian)(xian)地線(xian)(xian)的時(shi)(shi)也(ye)可能(neng)會出現小火(huo)(huo)花，如果擔心(xin)小火(huo)(huo)花弄到(dao)眼睛上(shang)，建議可以戴個防護眼鏡。

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