為什么兩根火線是380V,一根火線是220V
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來源:金環宇電線電纜發布日期:2020-04-27 09:44
電(dian)(dian)(dian)是矢量(liang),它有方向和大小物(wu)理量(liang)。在交流發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機定子(zi)三相(xiang)線圈是成(cheng)120度(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)角度(du)對稱排列的。我們日常(chang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)都(dou)是經過(guo)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變壓(ya)器降(jiang)壓(ya)供電(dian)(dian)(dian),變壓(ya)器二(er)次(ci)側是星形(xing)接法,它有三個(ge)火線(分別是A B C三根相(xiang)線)并且在中性點(dian)做工作接零(ling),引出來一根線就是零(ling)線。
線電壓與相電壓矢量圖
我(wo)們(men)把兩個(ge)不(bu)同(tong)相(火(huo)(huo)(huo)線)的電壓(ya)(ya)叫(jiao)做(zuo)線電壓(ya)(ya),相(火(huo)(huo)(huo)線)與中性線的電壓(ya)(ya)叫(jiao)做(zuo)相電壓(ya)(ya);通過線電壓(ya)(ya)的矢量圖我(wo)們(men)可知,一個(ge)火(huo)(huo)(huo)線是220V,兩根(gen)火(huo)(huo)(huo)線就是380V。
這(zhe)個要從(cong)我國(guo)的國(guo)情說起(qi),因為(wei)我國(guo)規定居(ju)民用電的電壓等級宜為(wei)220/380V。那為(wei)什么兩根(gen)火線是380V,單根(gen)是220V呢,先看下面:
1、電能的來源
電(dian)能是(shi)通(tong)常是(shi)由發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機發(fa)(fa)出(chu)來(lai)的(當然(ran),現在的新能源,如:太陽(yang)能發(fa)(fa)電(dian),風力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)等(deng)(deng)也很多),然(ran)后(hou)經過(guo)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)廠的升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)升高(gao)至電(dian)網規(gui)定的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)(deng)級,經過(guo)線(xian)路傳輸后(hou)送至負荷中心,再經過(guo)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)將電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降低(di)為(wei)適(shi)合用(yong)(yong)戶使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)(deng)級,也就是(shi)我們常說的380V(實際(ji)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)二次側電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)0.4kV,因為(wei)要考(kao)慮線(xian)路損耗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降),這樣就出(chu)來(lai)了380V,具體整(zheng)個生產,變壓(ya)(ya)(ya),輸送的過(guo)程(cheng)如下圖(tu)所(suo)示:
2、380V電壓(ya)的形成
從(cong)上圖(tu)中我(wo)們看到變壓器(qi)T3是用(yong)戶終端(duan)變壓器(qi),這(zhe)個變壓器(qi)將一次(ci)電(dian)壓降低為居民用(yong)電(dian)電(dian)壓等級,并(bing)在變壓器(qi)的(de)二次(ci)側引出了PEN線,也就是我(wo)們常(chang)說(shuo)的(de)零線。
有了這(zhe)個PEN線(xian)后(hou),就(jiu)可以形成(cheng)三相(xiang)四(si)線(xian)制(zhi)供電,這(zhe)就(jiu)是我(wo)們經常在村莊的(de)電線(xian)桿上看(kan)(kan)到的(de)4根(gen)線(xian)(三根(gen)相(xiang)線(xian)和一(yi)根(gen)PEN線(xian)),那(nei)么(me)(me),為(wei)什么(me)(me)到每戶(hu)之后(hou)這(zhe)4根(gen)線(xian)變成(cheng)了3根(gen)線(xian)呢(ni),為(wei)什么(me)(me)會是220V呢(ni),看(kan)(kan)下圖:
3、220V電壓的形成
我們(men)常說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)380V,指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是圖上(shang)ABC(L1 L2 L3)三根相線(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),而他們(men)每(mei)相對地(0點)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(UA0,UB0,UC0)都(dou)是220V。由于(yu)我們(men)每(mei)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)居(ju)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)是按單相配(pei)電(dian)(dian)來設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(土豪,大戶(hu)(hu)(hu)人家(jia)380V配(pei)電(dian)(dian)),因此我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)都(dou)是單相電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)220V,也就(jiu)是上(shang)圖中每(mei)一相(L1或L2或L3對PEN線(xian)(xian))對PEN線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。(如果在入戶(hu)(hu)(hu)前PEN進行重復(fu)接地,并分出N線(xian)(xian)和PE線(xian)(xian),那么居(ju)家(jia)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)就(jiu)變成(cheng)了(le)(le)TN-C-S系(xi)統了(le)(le),所以我們(men)會看(kan)到入戶(hu)(hu)(hu)后原本的(de)(de)(de)(de)2根線(xian)(xian)變成(cheng)了(le)(le)3根線(xian)(xian))。
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