電線電纜的導電性能與什么有關?電線影響導電性能的因素
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來源：金環宇電線發(fa)布(bu)日期：2020-05-14 08:58
電線電纜導電是靠電線電纜的導體，下面就與金環宇電線電纜一起來學習下(xia)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜的導體有什么作用和影響電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜導電(dian)性能的因素(su)有哪(na)些?如下(xia)
一、什(shen)么(me)是電纜的(de)導體(ti)(ti)?金環宇電線電纜普及電線電纜的(de)導體(ti)(ti)作用：
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)作(zuo)用是傳送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，當導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，便(bian)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)損耗(hao)而(er)使(shi)(shi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)升高，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)溫(wen)(wen)升又使(shi)(shi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻增(zeng)大，同時使(shi)(shi)絕緣(yuan)的(de)性能(neng)(neng)下降，當導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)超過絕緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)允許工(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，就(jiu)會加速絕緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)老化甚至在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)彎曲處(chu)使(shi)(shi)絕緣(yuan)首先(xian)軟(ruan)化變形(xing)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)壽命縮短或在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)彎曲處(chu)短期內發(fa)生(sheng)擊(ji)穿，不能(neng)(neng)滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)長期使(shi)(shi)用的(de)要(yao)求(qiu);金環宇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)提醒大家注意線(xian)芯的(de)損耗(hao)主要(yao)由導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)截面(mian)及材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)體(ti)(ti)積電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率決定(ding)，因此(ci)，生(sheng)產過程(cheng)必(bi)須對導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)截面(mian)及材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)性能(neng)(neng)指標進行嚴(yan)格(ge)檢(jian)驗和(he)控制。
二、主要影響電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜(lan)導電(dian)性能的因素：以下5種
1、電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜的溫度：
金(jin)屬的導電性能隨溫(wen)度升(sheng)高而降低，金(jin)環宇電線電纜小編分析當(dang)溫(wen)度不是很(hen)(hen)高(接(jie)近(jin)于(yu)熔點)或很(hen)(hen)低(接(jie)近(jin)于(yu)絕對零度)，電阻率(lv)和溫(wen)度呈下列線性關系(xi)：ρ=ρ0[1+α(T-T0)]。
2、電線電纜材質中(zhong)的雜(za)質：
金屬中含有某(mou)些(xie)雜質(zhi)，將(jiang)使其(qi)電(dian)阻增大(da)。雜質(zhi)對金屬電(dian)阻的(de)影(ying)響，金環宇電(dian)線電(dian)纜小編(bian)分析是取決于雜質(zhi)的(de)種類(lei)、含量(liang)、和雜質(zhi)在(zai)金屬中存在(zai)的(de)狀(zhuang)態，鋁、銻、砷、磷、鎳、鉛(qian)等是銅(tong)的(de)有害(hai)雜質(zhi)，當砷含量(liang)為0.35%時，銅(tong)的(de)電(dian)阻率將(jiang)增大(da)50%;鋁導體(ti)中的(de)主要有害(hai)雜質(zhi)是硅與鐵。
3、電線電纜塑性冷(leng)變形：
金環宇電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜小編提醒(xing)注意電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜彈性變形時對(dui)金屬(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻影響極小，而塑(su)性變形則(ze)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻增(zeng)大，當冷加工變形超過10%，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻才明顯增(zeng)大。對(dui)于(yu)純金屬(shu)(shu)，由于(yu)冷變形而增(zeng)加的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，一般(ban)不(bu)大于(yu)4%。電(dian)(dian)(dian)工圓(yuan)鋁桿(gan)拉(la)絲前電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)為0.02801，經過拉(la)絲后，生產成需要規格(ge)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工圓(yuan)鋁線，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)采用0.028264。
4、熱處理(退火(huo))：
金(jin)屬(shu)經冷變(bian)形后，由(you)于(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)結晶的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，抗張強(qiang)度、屈服強(qiang)度、彈(dan)性(xing)增(zeng)加，而(er)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)系(xi)數、伸(shen)長率(lv)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，為了(le)提(ti)(ti)高冷拉銅線的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)系(xi)數和柔軟(ruan)性(xing)，金(jin)環(huan)宇(yu)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜小編提(ti)(ti)示將線材在一定溫度下(xia)(xia)韌煉，達到(dao)提(ti)(ti)高伸(shen)長率(lv)和電(dian)(dian)導(dao)系(xi)數的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)可恢(hui)復到(dao)變(bian)形前的(de)(de)(de)水平。
5、電(dian)線電(dian)纜使用的環境：
當(dang)環境因素使金屬(shu)表(biao)面產生污染或氧化(hua)層以及(ji)附(fu)有水份、油(you)(you)漬時(shi)，金屬(shu)電阻會增大(da)，在(zai)金屬(shu)表(biao)面包覆其他金屬(shu)的保護(hu)層時(shi)，電阻可按復合(he)材料原(yuan)有電阻率的大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)及(ji)包覆層厚度，金環宇(yu)電線(xian)電纜小(xiao)(xiao)編通(tong)過計算求(qiu)得(de)。銅對于某些浸漬劑(例如礦物油(you)(you)、松(song)香復合(he)浸漬劑等)、硫化(hua)橡皮有促進(jin)老(lao)化(hua)作用，在(zai)此情況下，可在(zai)銅線(xian)表(biao)面鍍錫，使銅不直(zhi)接(jie)與絕緣層接(jie)觸。
