功率因數表原理，三相功率因數表接線圖詳細圖解

來源：金環宇電纜發布(bu)日期(qi)：2019-10-11 09:32

功(gong)率因數表(biao)又稱相位表(biao)，按測量(liang)機構可分為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)系(xi)、鐵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)系(xi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁系(xi)三類(lei)。根據測量(liang)相數又有(you)單(dan)相和三相。現以電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)系(xi)功(gong)率因數表(biao)為例分析(xi)其工作原(yuan)理，如圖所示(shi)。圖中(zhong)A為電(dian)(dian)(dian)流線圈(quan)(quan)，與負(fu)載串聯(lian)。B1，B2為電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓線圈(quan)(quan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源并聯(lian)。其中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓線圈(quan)(quan)B2串接一只(zhi)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R2，B1串聯(lian)一電(dian)(dian)(dian)感線圈(quan)(quan)。

電動系功率因素表結構原理

在(zai)(zai)B2支路(lu)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓同相位(wei)，B1支路(lu)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(忽略R1的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流滯后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓90°。當接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后，通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流線(xian)圈的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流產生(sheng)磁場(chang)，磁場(chang)強弱與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流成正比，此時兩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓線(xian)圈B1，B2中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，根據載流導體在(zai)(zai)磁場(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)受(shou)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)原理，將產生(sheng)轉(zhuan)動(dong)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)M1、M2，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓線(xian)圈B1和B2繞向相反，作(zuo)用在(zai)(zai)儀表測(ce)量機構(gou)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)一個(ge)為(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)動(dong)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)，另一個(ge)為(wei)(wei)反作(zuo)用力(li)矩(ju)(ju)，當兩者平(ping)衡時，即停留在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)位(wei)置上(shang)(shang)，只要使(shi)線(xian)圈和機械角(jiao)度滿(man)足一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)就可使(shi)儀表的(de)(de)(de)指針偏轉(zhuan)角(jiao)不隨負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小而(er)變化，只決定(ding)于負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)相位(wei)角(jiao)，從而(er)指示出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)功率因數(shu)。

三相功率因數表接線圖詳細圖解

三(san)相功率因數(shu)表主要應(ying)(ying)用于低壓交流三(san)相電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統之中(zhong)，主要作功率因數(shu)測量之用，特別是在(zai)感應(ying)(ying)動力(li)用電(dian)較(jiao)多的(de)場合，因為功率因數(shu)的(de)高低直(zhi)接關系(xi)著用電(dian)效率與能(neng)源消耗(hao)，不過本文討(tao)論的(de)是功率因數(shu)表本身的(de)接線方法(fa)與它的(de)應(ying)(ying)用無關。

圖1所示(shi)為(wei)三相功率(lv)因(yin)數表表后接線柱(zhu)情況及接線方(fang)法示(shi)意(yi)。

三(san)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)接線(xian)(xian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分別標有UA、UB、UC、兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流接線(xian)(xian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)務(wu)標有IA，意思是功率因(yin)數(shu)(shu)表所取(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應與(yu)左(zuo)邊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)接線(xian)(xian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)所接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)同相。并且(qie)與(yu)負荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流同方向的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應以標有*號(hao)的(de)接線(xian)(xian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)流入，從(cong)另一(yi)(yi)個接線(xian)(xian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)流出。左(zuo)邊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)接線(xian)(xian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)標有*號(hao)，也(ye)是說明(ming)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流同相。下面(mian)通過一(yi)(yi)個實例來具體介紹一(yi)(yi)下功率因(yin)數(shu)(shu)表的(de)正確(que)接線(xian)(xian)方法。

圖2是一個低壓母(mu)線示(shi)意簡(jian)圖。準備在電(dian)容(rong)柜上安(an)裝(zhuang)一只三(san)相(xiang)功(gong)率因數表，由于(yu)安(an)裝(zhuang)位置有限(xian)，為功(gong)率因數表取(qu)電(dian)流的電(dian)流互感(gan)器(qi)安(an)裝(zhuang)在中(zhong)相(xiang)。

由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器安裝在(zai)中相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(綠(lv)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線柱左邊那個(ge)應接(jie)(jie)(jie)綠(lv)色相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。然后(hou)以(yi)綠(lv)色相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為UA，用(yong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)序表(biao)測定黃、綠(lv)、紅(hong)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)序，結(jie)(jie)果(guo)是綠(lv)一(yi)黃一(yi)紅(hong)為正相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)序。圖2中括號(hao)所(suo)標的(de)(de)(de)UA、UB、UC即(ji)為相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)序表(biao)測定的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo).則(ze)在(zai)中間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線柱應接(jie)(jie)(jie)黃相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya).右邊的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線應接(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)色相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)線接(jie)(jie)(jie)好后(hou)，再(zai)看電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)線怎樣(yang)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)，由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)性(xing)標注(zhu)法是減極(ji)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)從L1端(duan)(duan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人互感(gan)(gan)器，則(ze)互感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)(de)二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)從K1端(duan)(duan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出，所(suo)以(yi)就應把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)(de)K1端(duan)(duan)與(yu)(yu)功率因數表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)標有*號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線往相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連，K2端(duan)(duan)與(yu)(yu)另一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線柱相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連。這(zhe)樣(yang)就相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當于(yu)負荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)了標有*號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線柱(如圖2中箭頭方(fang)向所(suo)示)。

雖然(ran)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數(shu)表裝在電(dian)容柜上(shang)，但(dan)它反映(ying)的是低(di)壓(ya)總(zong)母線上(shang)的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數(shu)，故(gu)電(dian)流互感器(qi)應安裝在總(zong)母線上(shang)。

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