零線與地線的區別及接地線的安裝問題

來源：未知發布日期：2020-03-10 09:18

零(ling)線與地線的區(qu)別

1、普通(tong)的家(jia)用照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)路中，火線(xian)(xian)跟(gen)大(da)地之(zhi)間存(cun)在220V的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，零(ling)線(xian)(xian)跟(gen)大(da)地之(zhi)間沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(或(huo)說電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為0)，因(yin)此火線(xian)(xian)跟(gen)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間也就存(cun)在220V的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。

2、用測電筆可以(yi)辨別(bie)火(huo)線(xian)(xian)和(he)零線(xian)(xian)。能使(shi)氖(nai)管發光的(de)是火(huo)線(xian)(xian)，否則是零線(xian)(xian)。

(1)家中墻上(shang)的(de)插(cha)座的(de)兩個插(cha)孔(kong)，一個插(cha)孔(kong)接的(de)是火線(xian)，另一個插(cha)孔(kong)接的(de)是零線(xian)，你可以用測(ce)電筆辨(bian)別一下(xia)哪個插(cha)孔(kong)接的(de)是火線(xian)。

(2)接(jie)(jie)入燈(deng)泡(pao)(或家中其(qi)它(ta)用電(dian)(dian)器)的(de)兩(liang)根(gen)電(dian)(dian)線，一根(gen)是(shi)火線，一根(gen)是(shi)零線，你也可以(yi)用測電(dian)(dian)筆辨別(bie)一下連(lian)在燈(deng)頭(tou)的(de)兩(liang)個接(jie)(jie)線柱上的(de)電(dian)(dian)線，不過要注意安全。

(3)進(jin)入開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個線(xian)頭實際(ji)上(shang)(shang)是在一根(gen)火線(xian)上(shang)(shang)斷開(kai)(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(例如進(jin)入臺燈開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個線(xian)頭)，分(fen)別(bie)接在了(le)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個接線(xian)柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)閉合后(臺燈發光時(shi))，用測電筆的(de)(de)筆尖接觸開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個接線(xian)柱(zhu)時(shi)，氖管都發光。

千萬不(bu)能把一根零線和一根火線分別(bie)接(jie)在開關的兩個接(jie)線柱上，以免發生短路(lu)甚(shen)至火災事故。

3、人體直(zhi)接(jie)或間(jian)接(jie)跟火線連通時會發生觸電事故。

(1)直接(jie)站在地上(shang)接(jie)觸火線(或(huo)與火線相(xiang)連的導體)，會發(fa)生觸電事故;

(2)站(zhan)在(zai)絕緣凳上一手扶墻，另一手接觸火(huo)線會發生(sheng)觸電事(shi)故;

(3)站在絕緣凳(deng)上一(yi)(yi)手接處火(huo)線(xian)，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)手接觸零線(xian)會發生(sheng)觸電事故。總(zong)之，只(zhi)要人體的一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)直接或間(jian)接接觸火(huo)線(xian)，而(er)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)不(bu)論是接觸大地還是接觸零線(xian)，都會發生(sheng)觸電事故。

4、下列(lie)情況下不會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)觸(chu)電事故，但最好不要嘗試，以(yi)免誤(wu)判火線(xian)與零線(xian)而發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)意(yi)外。

(1)直接站在地上接觸零(ling)線;

(2)站在(zai)絕緣凳上只接(jie)觸火線。

日常用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)首先用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)為動力用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian). 動力用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是(shi)(shi)常說的(de)(de)380伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，多用(yong)(yong)(yong)于工廠(chang).這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多是(shi)(shi)三(san)相四線(xian)(xian).四線(xian)(xian)中三(san)根(gen)(gen)火線(xian)(xian)，一(yi)根(gen)(gen)零線(xian)(xian)、三(san)根(gen)(gen)火線(xian)(xian)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)負(fu)載如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機等用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)后(hou)都經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)零線(xian)(xian)形成回路，設備(bei)(bei)才能正(zheng)(zheng)常工作.零線(xian)(xian)在發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)是(shi)(shi)接(jie)地的(de)(de). 家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)指我們常說的(de)(de)220伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也叫單(dan)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有兩根(gen)(gen)線(xian)(xian)，一(yi)根(gen)(gen)火線(xian)(xian)，一(yi)根(gen)(gen)零線(xian)(xian).火線(xian)(xian)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)負(fu)載如燈泡等用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)后(hou)經(jing)(jing)零線(xian)(xian)形成回路，用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)才能正(zheng)(zheng)常工作.這里的(de)(de)零線(xian)(xian)在發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)也是(shi)(shi)接(jie)地的(de)(de)。

動力電(dian)和(he)家用電(dian)的(de)(de)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)雖然(ran)在發電(dian)廠(chang)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)，但平時說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個概念.你看(kan)我們家里(li)(li)的(de)(de)三(san)孔電(dian)源(yuan)插(cha)座(zuo)，如果是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)規(gui)施工，其(qi)中(zhong)一個孔是(shi)(shi)(shi)火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，一個孔是(shi)(shi)(shi)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，一個孔是(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).這(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)整(zheng)座(zuo)樓匯集后(hou)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。這(zhe)才是(shi)(shi)(shi)常說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，多數(shu)家用電(dian)器(qi)都要求要接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)要和(he)這(zhe)根地(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)在一起. 為什么會觸(chu)電(dian)? 有的(de)(de)人誤以(yi)為零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，把家用電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)一起，那(nei)么火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在和(he)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)形成回路(lu)的(de)(de)同時也和(he)家用電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼形成回路(lu)，使外殼帶電(dian)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)故障(zhang)已(yi)斷開而電(dian)源(yuan)插(cha)座(zuo)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)又不好的(de)(de)情況下(xia)更容易(yi)觸(chu)電(dian)。

接地線(xian)的安裝問題

1、零線:在家庭用電(dian)中，零線通(tong)常是指從變壓器接地體引出(chu)來的線，它的接電(dian)阻(zu)有嚴格的規定，必須小于(yu)等于(yu)0.5歐姆，這(zhe)樣才能保(bao)證用電(dian)設備正常使用;

2、火線(xian):是相對于零線(xian)來(lai)說的，通(tong)常家庭用(yong)電只是用(yong)三(san)相電的其中一相，它的線(xian)電壓為220伏，它是通(tong)過零線(xian)構成回路使家用(yong)電器工作的;

3、地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian):我們給家用電器(qi)接的電線(xian)(xian)(xian)，通常(chang)(chang)是(shi)為(wei)了安全(quan)和消(xiao)除靜電而(er)接的地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，它對接地(di)電阻沒(mei)有嚴格(ge)的要求，通常(chang)(chang)是(shi)比較大的，對地(di)電壓沒(mei)有電流通過(guo)時為(wei)零，把它做(zuo)為(wei)用電器(qi)的零線(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)無法讓設備正常(chang)(chang)工作的;

4、中(zhong)線(xian)：就是將用電(dian)設(she)備的金(jin)屬(shu)外殼與電(dian)源(發(fa)電(dian)機和變壓器)的接(jie)地線(xian)做金(jin)屬(shu)連(lian)接(jie)起來(lai)的那條線(xian)，它要求供電(dian)給用電(dian)設(she)備的線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)的熔(rong)斷器或空氣(qi)開(kai)關(guan)，在用電(dian)設(she)備一相碰(peng)殼時，能夠以最短的時間斷開(kai)電(dian)路(lu)，從而保(bao)護設(she)備和人生(sheng)安全;

5、家中的(de)(de)插座不是(shi)三相插座而是(shi)三線插座，它的(de)(de)中間是(shi)接(jie)地線的(de)(de)，兩邊是(shi)用(yong)來接(jie)零(ling)(ling)線和(he)火線的(de)(de)，雖然電工手冊(ce)上也有左(zuo)零(ling)(ling)右火的(de)(de)規定，但(dan)我(wo)們(men)在實(shi)際生活中要求并不那么嚴格(ge)。

照明電路里的兩根(gen)電線，一根(gen)叫火線，另(ling)一根(gen)則叫零線。

火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的區(qu)別在于它們對地(di)(di)的電(dian)壓不(bu)同：火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)對地(di)(di)電(dian)壓為(wei)(wei)(wei)220V，零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)對地(di)(di)電(dian)壓為(wei)(wei)(wei)0 地(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)就是接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)的線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)工里面沒有中線(xian)(xian)(xian)的家里的一般(ban)是三(san)孔插座(zuo)不(bu)是三(san)相(xiang)插座(zuo)，中間是接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)兩邊(bian)是火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian) 家里的一般(ban)是三(san)孔插座(zuo)不(bu)是三(san)相(xiang)插座(zuo)，中間是接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，兩邊(bian)是火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，右邊(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(L)，左(zuo)邊(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(N)。

火線(xian)(xian)和零(ling)線(xian)(xian)的區(qu)別在于(yu)它(ta)們對地(di)的電壓不同(tong)：火線(xian)(xian)對地(di)電壓為(wei)(wei)220V，零(ling)線(xian)(xian)對地(di)電壓為(wei)(wei)0 中(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)(xian)是(shi)從(cong)發(fa)電機或電力變壓器中(zhong)(zhong)性點引(yin)出(chu)的線(xian)(xian)，如果它(ta)不接地(di)就(jiu)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)(xian)，如果將它(ta)良好接了地(di)(大地(di)為(wei)(wei)零(ling)電位)，此時的中(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)(xian)就(jiu)又稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)了。民用電的零(ling)線(xian)(xian)和地(di)線(xian)(xian)雖然(ran)都從(cong)同(tong)一點引(yin)出(chu)，但(dan)它(ta)們各自的功能(neng)是(shi)分開的，不能(neng)混用。

比如零(ling)線(xian)和(he)火線(xian)是(shi)用電(dian)的回路線(xian)，它(ta)們和(he)電(dian)器的外殼(ke)是(shi)緣的，線(xian)里流(liu)(liu)動的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)是(shi)同樣大小的，故線(xian)徑(jing)是(shi)同樣的粗細(xi)。

而地線是和電(dian)器的外殼相聯的，當電(dian)器有(you)(you)故障時(shi)當中才有(you)(you)電(dian)流流通，一般(ban)沒有(you)(you)電(dian)流，故其線徑要(yao)細得多(duo)。

零(ling)(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)和(he)火線(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)的(de)回路，故絕不(bu)能將(jiang)零(ling)(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)接到外殼(ke)上，那會使人觸電(dian)的(de)。 地線(xian)(xian)、零(ling)(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)和(he)火線(xian)(xian)：大地是(shi)(shi)良好的(de)導體，地線(xian)(xian)通過深埋的(de)電(dian)極與(yu)大地短(duan)路連接。市電(dian)的(de)傳輸(shu)是(shi)(shi)以三相(xiang)的(de)方式(shi)，并有一(yi)根中性線(xian)(xian)，三相(xiang)平衡(heng)時中性線(xian)(xian)的(de)電(dian)流為零(ling)(ling)(ling)，俗稱"零(ling)(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)"，零(ling)(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)的(de)另(ling)一(yi)個特點是(shi)(shi)與(yu)地線(xian)(xian)在系(xi)統(tong)總配電(dian)輸(shu)入短(duan)接，電(dian)壓差接近為零(ling)(ling)(ling)。

三相電(dian)的三根相線與零(ling)線有(you)220電(dian)壓(ya)，會對(dui)(dui)人產生電(dian)擊，俗稱"火線"。電(dian)氣(qi)線路的安裝及(ji)排列(lie)順序有(you)嚴格的標準，實際中按標準正確(que)裝配地線、零(ling)線和火線對(dui)(dui)安全至關重要。

火線(xian)(xian)，地線(xian)(xian)，零(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)的英(ying)語單詞上面(mian)(mian)是地線(xian)(xian)Earth Wire，“E” 下面(mian)(mian)兩個端子(zi)分(fen)別是零(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)Naught Wire，“N” 火線(xian)(xian)Live wire，“L”。交流(liu)電，不(bu)是特別要求(qiu)，火零(ling)(ling)不(bu)分(fen)國際標準(zhun): 紅色為火線(xian)(xian)，黑(hei)色為零(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)，花色為地線(xian)(xian)，所(suo)有大的廠家和標準(zhun)化(hua)的產(chan)品(pin)都遵循這個原則，雖火線(xian)(xian)和零(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)可以互換，不(bu)推薦。

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