線電壓與相電壓區別
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來源:未知發布日期:2020-03-10 10:18
一、什么(me)是(shi)線電(dian)壓和相(xiang)電(dian)壓
對于三相(xiang)(xiang)四線(xian)(xian)制的(de)(de)電(dian)網,三根相(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)任意(yi)(yi)兩根間的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)稱線(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),任意(yi)(yi)一根的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)與零線(xian)(xian)間的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)稱相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)位相(xiang)(xiang)差120度,線(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)兩個相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)矢量和。
線(xian)電壓(ya)(ya)與相電壓(ya)(ya)的大小關(guan)系:線(xian)電壓(ya)(ya)=根號3倍(bei)的相電壓(ya)(ya)。對于市電,相電壓(ya)(ya)220伏(fu),線(xian)電壓(ya)(ya)是220伏(fu)的根號3倍(bei),即380伏(fu)。
注意:
1、相電壓
火線與(yu)零線之間的電壓。我國(guo)相電壓為220伏,50赫(he)茲。
2、線電壓
火線與(yu)火線之間的電(dian)壓(ya)。我國線電(dian)壓(ya)為380伏,50赫(he)茲(zi)。
相電壓,三(san)相輸電線(xian)(火線(xian))與(yu)中(zhong)性線(xian)間的(de)電壓叫相電壓。如:日常用(yong)電系統中(zhong)的(de)三(san)相四線(xian)制(zhi)中(zhong)電壓為380/220V,即線(xian)電壓為380V,相電壓為220V。
線(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓(ya),三相輸電(dian)線(xian)(xian)各線(xian)(xian)(火線(xian)(xian))間(jian)的電(dian)壓(ya)叫線(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓(ya),線(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓(ya)的大小為相電(dian)壓(ya)的1.73倍。
二、線電(dian)壓和相電(dian)壓的區別
對于相(xiang)電壓,一(yi)般會(hui)理解(jie)成相(xiang)于相(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)電壓也就是380v,而線電壓理解(jie)成了220V。
相(xiang)電壓(ya)(ya)是指相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)即火線(xian)(xian)和(he)零線(xian)(xian)之間(jian)的電壓(ya)(ya),而線(xian)(xian)電壓(ya)(ya)為線(xian)(xian)路(lu)上任意兩火線(xian)(xian)的電壓(ya)(ya),也(ye)就是說相(xiang)電壓(ya)(ya)應該是220V,而線(xian)(xian)電壓(ya)(ya)才是380V。
從發(fa)電(dian)廠出來的都是三(san)根(gen)火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(線(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓(ya))。在用變壓(ya)器(qi)升壓(ya)輸送出去,用到(dao)的點(dian)是用降(jiang)壓(ya)變壓(ya)器(qi)降(jiang)壓(ya)到(dao)400V(依舊是三(san)根(gen)火(huo)線(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓(ya))。
零線(xian)是(shi)從降壓(ya)變壓(ya)器的(de)繞組(zu)的(de)三組(zu)線(xian)圈的(de)接點里(li)引出來的(de),變壓(ya)器是(shi)星型的(de),這(zhe)里(li)的(de)四根線(xian)齊了。
在通過陪電柜分別接到用戶(負載)。三(san)根(gen)火(huo)線(xian)一(yi)般命名為A、B、C,零線(xian)為N。用380V的線(xian)電壓是(shi)(shi)(shi)接A、B、C。我(wo)們(men)家庭是(shi)(shi)(shi)用AN、BN、CN。既220V 相(xiang)電壓。400與380不等(deng)啊!是(shi)(shi)(shi)的,那(nei)里的20V電壓消耗在線(xian)路等(deng)其他設備里。
所謂線電(dian)壓(ya)指的是線與線之間電(dian)壓(ya)380,相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)是線與零之間的電(dian)壓(ya)220。
三、相電(dian)(dian)壓與線電(dian)(dian)壓的含(han)義
1、三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)源(yuan)的相(xiang)(xiang)位,A、B、C三根(gen)火(huo)(huo)線之(zhi)間(jian),互相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)120度(du)電(dian)角(jiao)度(du)。380V電(dian)壓(ya),是指(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)線(火(huo)(huo)線)之(zhi)間(jian)的電(dian)壓(ya),它們任何火(huo)(huo)線與中性點之(zhi)間(jian)的電(dian)壓(ya)是220V,兩(liang)者(zhe)是根(gen)號3的關(guan)系。
2、請看附圖(tu),了解相電壓(220V)與線電壓(380V)之間的關系。
四、什么是(shi)相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)線電(dian)壓(ya)?相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)與線電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)關(guan)系
火線(xian)和零線(xian)間(jian)的電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)220伏(fu),稱(cheng)為(wei)“線(xian)電(dian)壓(ya)”;而兩根火線(xian)間(jian)的電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)380伏(fu),稱(cheng)為(wei)“相電(dian)壓(ya)”。
線(xian)電(dian)壓(ya)就(jiu)是兩根相(xiang)線(xian)之間(jian)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya),相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)就(jiu)是相(xiang)與(yu)中(zhong)性點之間(jian)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya),這是對(dui)星形(xing)接法(fa)而言的(de),但對(dui)于角形(xing)接法(fa),沒有中(zhong)性點,相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)是等于線(xian)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)。
每(mei)相(xiang)繞組(zu)(zu)上(shang)所能承受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),角(jiao)形接法中其中有(you)一(yi)相(xiang)繞組(zu)(zu)始終是接在兩(liang)根(gen)相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間的(de)(de),即有(you)一(yi)個繞組(zu)(zu)直(zhi)接接在線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang),以(yi)最低的(de)(de)為準,在角(jiao)形接法中線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)要等(deng)(deng)于(yu)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),才能滿足(zu)繞組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)(deng)級(ji)。
理解:
1、三相(xiang)電(dian):發(fa)電(dian)機中(zhong)三個(ge)固定線圈,它們(men)在磁場中(zhong)運動相(xiang)應產生三個(ge)感(gan)應電(dian)壓(ya),而且每個(ge)電(dian)壓(ya)的相(xiang)角相(xiang)差120度,這就(jiu)是日常所謂的ABC三相(xiang);
2、發電機的(de)三(san)相電輸出接(jie)法,若采用(yong)“三(san)相四線制(zhi)星形接(jie)法”, 就會有一根零線和三(san)條(tiao)相線;
3、零(ling)線(xian):變壓(ya)器低(di)壓(ya)側(ce)一般采(cai)用(yong)Y型接法(fa),中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)點(dian)(dian)用(yong)導線(xian)與大地相連,同時(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)點(dian)(dian)拉(la)出一條導線(xian),該導線(xian)便是(shi)零(ling)線(xian)。零(ling)線(xian)的(de)(de)好處是(shi)把中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電位保(bao)持為零(ling)電位,使相線(xian)(A、B、C相拉(la)出的(de)(de)導線(xian))與零(ling)線(xian)之間的(de)(de)電壓(ya)保(bao)持相對穩定(ding),有(you)利于(yu)用(yong)戶電器使用(yong)。
4、線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流:相線(xian)(xian)(xian)與相線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)電(dian)壓稱(cheng)為線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓(例如(ru)AB相線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)電(dian)壓,一般(ban)為380V),相線(xian)(xian)(xian)與相線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)間形(xing)成回路所產生的(de)(de)電(dian)流稱(cheng)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)流相電(dian)壓,相電(dian)流——相線(xian)(xian)(xian)與零線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)電(dian)壓稱(cheng)相電(dian)壓(一般(ban)為220V),相線(xian)(xian)(xian)與零線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)間形(xing)成回路所產生的(de)(de)電(dian)流為相電(dian)流。
5、母線:在輸電線路(lu)中的主干線稱為(wei)母線。
6、相電(dian)壓(ya)是各個(ge)相與地的電(dian)壓(ya)。
線電(dian)壓是相(xiang)與相(xiang)的(de)電(dian)壓,就三(san)相(xiang)四(si)線制的(de)380伏、相(xiang)電(dian)壓是220伏 線電(dian)壓是380伏。兩個是1.732的(de)關系(xi)。
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