強電和弱電有怎么區分?

來源：金環宇電線發布(bu)日期：2020-03-28 11:04

區(qu)分強(qiang)電和(he)弱電，只(zhi)有(you)一種方法——按用(yong)途區(qu)分!

所(suo)有的弱電(dian)(dian)都(dou)(dou)是用來傳遞信(xin)號的，比如(ru)網絡、電(dian)(dian)話、門禁等。除(chu)此(ci)以(yi)外的，都(dou)(dou)屬(shu)于(yu)為其(qi)它設備提供能量的，比如(ru)讓機器轉(zhuan)起來、讓燈(deng)泡亮起來——這些把電(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)其(qi)它能量的，都(dou)(dou)是強電(dian)(dian)。

弱電系統

弱電(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)(de)工作(zuo)離不開強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)，但非要去(qu)摳字眼(yan)，說路由器上面(mian)的(de)(de)指示燈是強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)，上面(mian)的(de)(de)網線是弱電(dian)(dian)，就太麻煩了。所以我們又(you)提出一個新的(de)(de)概念——弱電(dian)(dian)系統。

路由器的(de)(de)主要作用(yong)是(shi)(shi)傳輸信號，所以它就屬(shu)于(yu)弱電(dian)系統(tong)——上(shang)面的(de)(de)強電(dian)設備(指示燈(deng)(deng))，也屬(shu)于(yu)這套弱電(dian)系統(tong)。所以題目描述(shu)中說(shuo)的(de)(de)“照明燈(deng)(deng)是(shi)(shi)弱電(dian)的(de)(de)”大概就是(shi)(shi)這種情況，這里的(de)(de)照明燈(deng)(deng)屬(shu)于(yu)弱電(dian)系統(tong)(比如(ru)消防系統(tong))，這套系統(tong)的(de)(de)主要目的(de)(de)不是(shi)(shi)點亮燈(deng)(deng)泡，而(er)是(shi)(shi)傳輸信號。

所以說出“照明燈(deng)是弱電”，也不(bu)能算是錯誤的。

弱電電壓

解釋一下(xia)很多人對弱電(dian)(dian)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流的(de)誤解——弱電(dian)(dian)可(ke)以是(shi)交流電(dian)(dian)，也可(ke)以是(shi)直流電(dian)(dian)。如果(guo)是(shi)交流電(dian)(dian)的(de)話，電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)會超過36V;如果(guo)是(shi)直流電(dian)(dian)的(de)話，電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)會超過24V。

但是(shi)(shi)這句話不(bu)能(neng)反(fan)向推導(dao)——不(bu)超過36V的交流電就是(shi)(shi)弱(ruo)電;不(bu)超過24V的直流電就是(shi)(shi)弱(ruo)電——這種說法是(shi)(shi)錯誤的!

只(zhi)能說用于傳輸信號的電(dian)(弱電(dian))，一(yi)定不會超過交流(liu)36V或(huo)直流(liu)24V;但用于轉化(hua)能量的電(dian)(強電(dian))，則沒有任何電(dian)壓上的限制——直流(liu)1.5V的干電(dian)池，一(yi)樣屬(shu)于強電(dian)。

最(zui)后解釋一下描(miao)述中(zhong)(zhong)所說的“開著燈，手同(tong)時捏住兩(liang)根線也沒感覺(jue)”，這(zhe)是(shi)因為線路中(zhong)(zhong)的電壓太低了，只有(you)5V(5V不(bu)代表它就(jiu)是(shi)弱電設備，剛才已經解釋過了)——就(jiu)像(xiang)你用手摸著干電池的兩(liang)端(duan)，也不(bu)會(hui)有(you)感覺(jue)一樣。

工(gong)程(cheng)上(shang)強電(dian)(dian)一般指的(de)(de)是建筑電(dian)(dian)力安裝(zhuang)，照明、插座(zuo)、配電(dian)(dian)房，根據(ju)各國的(de)(de)標(biao)準不(bu)同，基本上(shang)施工(gong)的(de)(de)都(dou)是110V或220的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力設(she)備、管(guan)線安裝(zhuang)。動(dong)力，照明電(dian)(dian)路。

弱電是指消(xiao)防、智能化(hua)等工種，一般安(an)裝的設備用電基本是低壓(ya)電，包括，消(xiao)防、網絡、廣播、樓宇(yu)對講、監(jian)控(kong)安(an)防、樓宇(yu)自動控(kong)制等等。安(an)全(quan)，控(kong)制，信息電路。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)是有強電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)和弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)之分的，我(wo)們大家在(zai)布(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)的時候，不可以(yi)讓這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)在(zai)一起(qi)，我(wo)們必須(xu)要用(yong)錫紙來對他們進(jin)行(xing)包裹，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)就會互(hu)相干擾。所(suo)以(yi)必須(xu)讓強弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)分開，只(zhi)有這(zhe)樣才能夠讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命增(zeng)加，如果(guo)強弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)交叉的話，我(wo)們就需要用(yong)膠布(bu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)進(jin)行(xing)保護。

如何辨別強(qiang)弱電?

1.強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)怎么區別的(de)基礎(chu)要素是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具有較高的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，通常(chang)大(da)于(yu)等于(yu)220V;處于(yu)220V以(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)則是弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳導(dao)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，而弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳導(dao)的(de)是信號。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動剃須刀、手(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)筒等傳導(dao)的(de)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，屬于(yu)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)類(lei)，若僅因其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源為(wei)兩節干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較小，就將其判定為(wei)弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是非常(chang)不正確的(de)。

2.高壓(ya)(ya)包括強電(dian)(dian)(dian)，強電(dian)(dian)(dian)不一(yi)(yi)定屬于(yu)高壓(ya)(ya);低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)包括弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)，弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)定屬于(yu)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya);低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)不一(yi)(yi)定就是(shi)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)，強電(dian)(dian)(dian)不一(yi)(yi)定就是(shi)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)。強電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)采(cai)用較(jiao)(jiao)厚的(de)(de)塑(su)料絕緣層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，銅芯(xin)線(xian)的(de)(de)直徑大，內層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)銅導體由(you)一(yi)(yi)股(gu)或多(duo)股(gu)裸電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)組成(cheng)。弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流并不大，所以絕緣層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)比較(jiao)(jiao)薄，而且銅芯(xin)線(xian)的(de)(de)直徑比較(jiao)(jiao)小，由(you)2股(gu)以上的(de)(de)絕緣細導線(xian)組成(cheng)。

3、強電(dian)(dian)和弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)從(cong)概念(nian)上講(jiang)，一般是容易區別(bie)的(de)，主(zhu)要(yao)區別(bie)是用途的(de)不同。強電(dian)(dian)是用作一種動力能源，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)是用于(yu)信息傳遞(di)。具(ju)體而言，它們大致有(you)如下區別(bie)：

(1)交流頻(pin)(pin)率不同：強(qiang)電(dian)的頻(pin)(pin)率一(yi)般(ban)是50Hz(赫(he))，稱“工頻(pin)(pin)”，意即工業用(yong)電(dian)的頻(pin)(pin)率：弱電(dian)的頻(pin)(pin)率往(wang)往(wang)是高頻(pin)(pin)或特高頻(pin)(pin)，以KHz(千赫(he))、MHz(兆(zhao)赫(he))計。

(2)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)方式不同：強電(dian)(dian)以(yi)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)有有線(xian)與無(wu)線(xian)之分。無(wu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)則以(yi)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)波傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)。

(3)功(gong)(gong)率、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓及電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大小不同強電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率以(yi)KW(千瓦)、MW(兆瓦)計(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以(yi)V(伏(fu)(fu))、KV(千伏(fu)(fu))計(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)以(yi)A(安(an))、kA(千安(an))計(ji)(ji);弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率以(yi)W(瓦)、mW(毫瓦)計(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以(yi)V(伏(fu)(fu))、mV(毫伏(fu)(fu))計(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)以(yi)mA(毫安(an))、uA(微安(an))計(ji)(ji)，因而其電(dian)(dian)(dian)路可以(yi)用印刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路或集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路構成。

當(dang)然(ran)(ran)，強電(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)也有高(gao)頻(數百KHz)與中(zhong)頻設備(bei)，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也較大。又如手電(dian)(dian)(dian)筒與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動剃須(xu)刀雖然(ran)(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很低，功率及電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很小(xiao)，仍屬強電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于現(xian)代技術的發(fa)展，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)己滲(shen)透到強電(dian)(dian)(dian)領域，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子器件、無線遙(yao)控等，但這些只能(neng)算作強電(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)的弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制部分，它(ta)與被控的強電(dian)(dian)(dian)還是不同的。

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