什么是強電,什么是弱電?兩者的區別?辨別強電弱電的方法
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來源：金環宇電線發布日(ri)期(qi)：2019-09-27 16:15
什么是強電
強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)一般(ban)(ban)指電(dian)(dian)工(gong)領域的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力部分。強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)一般(ban)(ban)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力系統中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)，比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)220v的(de)(de)照明電(dian)(dian)，以(yi)及380至1000多v的(de)(de)工(gong)業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)，強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓高，頻率低(di)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)，強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)用(yong)來(lai)驅動(dong)大(da)功率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力設備的(de)(de)。比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機，電(dian)(dian)燈等(deng)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備。接(jie)觸強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)會對人體造成(cheng)危害。
什么是弱電
弱電(dian)(dian)一般(ban)是(shi)指直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或音頻、視頻線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、網(wang)絡線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)話線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一般(ban)在(zai)36V以內。家用(yong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)中的電(dian)(dian)話、電(dian)(dian)腦、電(dian)(dian)視機的信(xin)號輸入(有(you)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)視線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu))、音響設備(bei)(bei)(輸出端線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu))等用(yong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)均為(wei)弱電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)(bei)。接(jie)觸(chu)弱電(dian)(dian)不會帶(dai)來危害。
強電和弱電的區別
1.交流頻率不同
強電(dian)的頻(pin)率(lv)一般是(shi)50Hz，稱“工頻(pin)”，也就是(shi)工業用電(dian)的頻(pin)率(lv);而弱電(dian)的頻(pin)率(lv)往往是(shi)高(gao)頻(pin)或(huo)特(te)高(gao)頻(pin)，以KHz(千赫)或(huo)者MHz(兆赫)為計量單(dan)位。
2.傳輸方式不同
強電都是(shi)以輸(shu)電線(xian)路來傳輸(shu)的，弱電的傳輸(shu)方式(shi)(shi)就分(fen)為有線(xian)與無線(xian)兩種(zhong)了，其(qi)中(zhong)無線(xian)電是(shi)以電磁波方式(shi)(shi)傳輸(shu)。
3.功(gong)率、電壓(ya)及(ji)電流大小不同
強電(dian)的功率(lv)(lv)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦、兆瓦計，電(dian)壓是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)伏、千(qian)伏計，電(dian)流(liu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)、千(qian)安(an)計;而弱(ruo)電(dian)的功率(lv)(lv)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)瓦、毫瓦計，電(dian)壓是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)伏、毫伏計，電(dian)流(liu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)毫安(an)、微安(an)計，其電(dian)路(lu)(lu)還可以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)于印刷電(dian)路(lu)(lu)或(huo)集(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)(lu)構成。
裝修中的強電和弱電安裝使用
弱電需(xu)要(yao)遠離(li)強電
由(you)于強電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中電(dian)流較大，磁場較強，很(hen)容(rong)易對弱電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中的信號(hao)產生(sheng)影響。因此(ci)，在裝(zhuang)修布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)環節，要(yao)保證一個(ge)原則--弱電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路穿線(xian)(xian)(xian)管必須(xu)原理(li)強電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路至少50cm，必要(yao)的時(shi)候可以走墻(qiang)。更不能出(chu)現(xian)(xian)強電(dian)和弱電(dian)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)在同一根穿線(xian)(xian)(xian)管內的情況。
如果(guo)迫不得已，實在是沒有(you)50cm的(de)距離(li)(li)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線鋪設，那可(ke)以選用金屬穿(chuan)線管(guan)(guan)或屏(ping)蔽(bi)層(ceng)穿(chuan)線管(guan)(guan)，此時可(ke)以將(jiang)間隔距離(li)(li)降為30cm。如果(guo)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)和弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)需要交叉(cha)，應(ying)保證(zheng)二者(zhe)接觸時，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)穿(chuan)線管(guan)(guan)在上，且強弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)穿(chuan)線管(guan)(guan)的(de)夾(jia)角(jiao)為90°，且在交叉(cha)處制作(zuo)屏(ping)蔽(bi)層(ceng)。
不同(tong)的(de)弱電(dian)線(xian)(xian)在(zai)一(yi)起也(ye)會造成信號干擾，為避免這種情況，像(xiang)電(dian)話(hua)線(xian)(xian)、網(wang)線(xian)(xian)、電(dian)視(shi)線(xian)(xian)等(deng)弱電(dian)線(xian)(xian)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路作業(ye)時一(yi)定要分(fen)開穿管，不可(ke)共用同(tong)一(yi)條(tiao)管。
無論(lun)是強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)還是弱電(dian)(dian)，在布線施工時，應遵循先(xian)安裝(zhuang)管(guan)路再穿線的規則(ze)，這樣做是為(wei)了防止出現(xian)無法(fa)抽動的現(xian)象，方(fang)便(bian)以后進行維(wei)護(hu)換線。
在強弱電線(xian)(xian)(xian)路布設(she)時，所需管(guan)(guan)數應當根(gen)(gen)據導線(xian)(xian)(xian)數量而變化(hua)，原則(ze)上一(yi)根(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)子不(bu)能超過(guo)四根(gen)(gen)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)，千萬不(bu)能有導線(xian)(xian)(xian)把管(guan)(guan)內空間塞滿的(de)情況。像一(yi)般(ban)彎管(guan)(guan)的(de)利用率(lv)在四成到五成之間，直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)可以稍高(gao)一(yi)些(xie)，在五成到六成之間為宜。
辨別強電弱電的方法
1.強電(dian)具有(you)較高(gao)的電(dian)壓(ya)，通常(chang)大于等(deng)于220V;處(chu)于220V以下電(dian)壓(ya)的則(ze)是(shi)弱電(dian)。強電(dian)具有(you)電(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)、電(dian)流(liu)大、功(gong)率(lv)(lv)大、頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)低等(deng)特點;弱電(dian)具有(you)電(dian)壓(ya)低、電(dian)流(liu)小、功(gong)率(lv)(lv)小、頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)等(deng)特點。
3.高(gao)壓(ya)包括強電(dian)(dian)，強電(dian)(dian)不一(yi)(yi)定(ding)屬(shu)于高(gao)壓(ya);低(di)(di)壓(ya)包括弱電(dian)(dian)，弱電(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)屬(shu)于低(di)(di)壓(ya);低(di)(di)壓(ya)不一(yi)(yi)定(ding)就(jiu)是強電(dian)(dian)，強電(dian)(dian)不一(yi)(yi)定(ding)就(jiu)是低(di)(di)壓(ya)。
