照明線路中常見的故障有哪些
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來源:金環宇電線發布(bu)日期:2019-08-14 09:32
照(zhao)明線路(lu)安裝不合理或維護檢(jian)修不及時,以致(zhi)發(fa)生這樣或那樣的(de)線路(lu)事故(gu)。照(zhao)明線路(lu)中常(chang)見的(de)故(gu)障歸納起來主要有短路(lu)、開(kai)路(lu)和漏電三種。
1、短路
短路時,熔(rong)體(ti)熔(rong)化(hua),電(dian)路切斷;若熔(rong)體(ti)太(tai)粗,則會燒毀導線,甚(shen)至引(yin)起火(huo)災。
短路(lu)原因:接(jie)線(xian)(xian)錯誤,相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)與零線(xian)(xian)相(xiang)碰(peng);導線(xian)(xian)絕緣層拮,損壞處碰(peng)線(xian)(xian)或(huo)接(jie)地;電器和(he)燈具內部損壞;燈頭(tou)(tou)內部松動,導致金屬(shu)片(pian)相(xiang)碰(peng)短路(lu);房屋失修(xiu)或(huo)漏(lou)水,造成線(xian)(xian)頭(tou)(tou)脫落后相(xiang)碰(peng)或(huo)接(jie)地;燈頭(tou)(tou)進(jin)水等。
2、開路
開路(lu)時,電路(lu)上所有燈(deng)都不(bu)亮,電器不(bu)能工作。
開(kai)(kai)路原(yuan)因:熔體熔化(hua),線(xian)頭(tou)松(song)脫,開(kai)(kai)頭(tou)損壞(huai),鋁線(xian)端頭(tou)腐蝕(shi)嚴重(zhong)等。
3、漏電
漏(lou)電(dian)時(shi),用電(dian)量增大,人(ren)觸及(ji)漏(lou)電(dian)處會感到發(fa)麻,測(ce)得的絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻值較小(xiao)。
漏電(dian)(dian)原(yuan)因(yin):絕緣導(dao)線受潮、污染或導(dao)線和(he)用電(dian)(dian)設備的絕緣因(yin)長期使用而老化。
照明電(dian)路常見故障(zhang)檢修判斷(duan)方法
1、開路:產生斷路的原(yuan)因主(zhu)要是熔絲熔斷、線頭松脫、斷線、開關沒有接通、電線接頭腐蝕(shi)等(deng)。
針對開(kai)路(lu),首先要用(yong)(yong)測(ce)電筆(bi)檢查(cha)總閘刀(dao)開(kai)關處;如(ru)(ru)沒有問題(ti)再(zai)用(yong)(yong)測(ce)電筆(bi)檢測(ce)各(ge)個支路(lu)的(de)火線(xian)(xian),如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)氖管(guan)不發(fa)光(guang)就(jiu)說明(ming)這個支路(lu)中的(de)火線(xian)(xian)開(kai)路(lu),如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)氖管(guan)都發(fa)光(guang)的(de)話那(nei)就(jiu)要用(yong)(yong)校火燈頭分別(bie)連(lian)到(dao)各(ge)個支路(lu)進行檢查(cha),一(yi)旦發(fa)現哪(na)個支路(lu)的(de)燈不亮那(nei)就(jiu)說明(ming)這個之路(lu)的(de)零線(xian)(xian)開(kai)路(lu)了(le),對開(kai)路(lu)的(de)支路(lu)進行相應(ying)維修就(jiu)可以(yi)了(le)。
2、短(duan)路:造(zao)成短(duan)路的原因(yin)大致有以下幾種:
用電器具接線不(bu)好,以至(zhi)于(yu)接頭碰在了一起;
燈座或(huo)開關進水、螺(luo)口(kou)燈頭內部松(song)動或(huo)燈座頂芯歪斜碰(peng)到了螺(luo)口(kou),造成內部短路;
導線(xian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)破損(sun)、老(lao)化,并在零(ling)線(xian)和相線(xian)的(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)出碰線(xian)了。
發生(sheng)短(duan)路故(gu)障時,會出電(dian)火花(hua)的現(xian)象,并(bing)引起短(duan)路保護(hu)動(dong)作(熔絲(si)燒斷或者跳閘)。當發現(xian)短(duan)路有火花(hua)或者熔絲(si)斷、跳閘時,應先檢查故(gu)障點。盡量排除故(gu)障后再(zai)開閘通電(dian)。
針對短路檢修就可能需要用(yong)到萬(wan)用(yong)表、鉗形電(dian)(dian)流表、搖(yao)表。需要打開配(pei)電(dian)(dian)箱(xiang),拆卸下負載端用(yong)電(dian)(dian)阻檔(dang)分別測(ce)量火線、零線對地阻值。如果測(ce)量阻值沒反(fan)應(ying),說明線路完好(hao)。而如果有反(fan)應(ying),就說明線路絕(jue)緣有損壞,此時最好(hao)換電(dian)(dian)線。
3、漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)照明線路故障,相線絕緣破損而接(jie)地,用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)內(nei)部絕緣破損使(shi)外(wai)殼帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等原因,都會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不但造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)浪費(fei),還可能造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)人身觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事故。現(xian)在居民(min)家(jia)中都會安裝(zhuang)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路的保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。當漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路超過整定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)時,漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)便會切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。從而造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)日光燈等照明設(she)備(bei)無法工作。
線路(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)一般是電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)的(de)前奏,處理(li)方式就等同于短(duan)路(lu)(lu)維修(xiu)。漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)很容(rong)易造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)器實際功率下降、人(ren)體觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)非常危(wei)險,最好(hao)使用漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)預防(fang)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)發生(sheng)。
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