家庭照明線路基本接法

來源：互聯網發(fa)布日期(qi)：2019-08-15 09:14

照明電路的(de)組(zu)成包(bao)括電源的(de)引入、單相電能表、漏電保護器、熔斷器、插(cha)座(zuo)、燈頭、開關、照明燈具和(he)各(ge)類電線及配件輔料(liao)。那(nei)么(me)家(jia)庭(ting)照明線路基本接法是(shi)什么(me)呢?

1、照(zhao)明(ming)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)是控制(zhi)燈(deng)具(ju)的(de)電氣元件，起控制(zhi)照(zhao)明(ming)電燈(deng)的(de)亮與滅的(de)作用(即接通或斷開(kai)(kai)照(zhao)明(ming)線路)。開(kai)(kai)關(guan)有明(ming)裝(zhuang)和安裝(zhuang)之(zhi)分，現家庭一般是暗裝(zhuang)開(kai)(kai)關(guan);

2、根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)電源(yuan)電壓的不同，插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)分為(wei)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)四(si)孔(kong)(kong)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)和(he)單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三孔(kong)(kong)或二孔(kong)(kong)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo);家(jia)庭一般(ban)都(dou)是(shi)單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)，實(shi)驗室一般(ban)要安(an)裝三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)。根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)安(an)裝形式(shi)不同，插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)又(you)可(ke)分為(wei)明裝式(shi)和(he)暗裝式(shi)，現(xian)家(jia)庭一般(ban)都(dou)是(shi)暗裝插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)。單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)兩(liang)孔(kong)(kong)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)有橫裝和(he)豎裝兩(liang)種。橫裝時，接線(xian)(xian)(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)是(shi)左(zuo)零右相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);豎裝時，接線(xian)(xian)(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)是(shi)上相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)零;單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三孔(kong)(kong)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)的接線(xian)(xian)(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)是(shi)左(zuo)零右相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上接地。另外在接線(xian)(xian)(xian)時也可(ke)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)后面的標識，L端(duan)接相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，N端(duan)接零線(xian)(xian)(xian)，E端(duan)接地線(xian)(xian)(xian)。 注意：根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)標準規定，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian))是(shi)紅色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，零線(xian)(xian)(xian)(中性線(xian)(xian)(xian))是(shi)黑色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，接地線(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)黃(huang)綠雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian);

3、在準備安裝(zhuang)開關和(he)插(cha)座的(de)地方鉆孔，然后按照開關和(he)插(cha)座的(de)尺寸安裝(zhuang)線(xian)(xian)盒，接著按接線(xian)(xian)要求(qiu)，將盒內甩出的(de)導線(xian)(xian)與(yu)開關、插(cha)座的(de)面板連接好，將開關或插(cha)座推入盒內對(dui)正盒眼(yan)，用螺絲(si)固定(ding)。固定(ding)時(shi)要使面板端(duan)正，并與(yu)墻(qiang)面平齊;

4、燈座(燈頭)的安(an)裝(zhuang) 插(cha)口(kou)燈座上(shang)的兩個接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子，可任意連接(jie)(jie)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)和(he)來自(zi)開關的相線(xian)(xian);但是螺口(kou)燈座上(shang)的接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子，必(bi)須把零(ling)線(xian)(xian)連接(jie)(jie)在連通(tong)螺紋圈的接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子上(shang)，把來自(zi)開關的相線(xian)(xian)連接(jie)(jie)在連通(tong)中心銅簧片的接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子上(shang);

5、漏電(dian)保護(hu)器的接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)：電(dian)源(yuan)進(jin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)必須接(jie)在(zai)漏電(dian)保護(hu)器的正上方，即(ji)外殼(ke)上標有“電(dian)源(yuan)”或(huo)(huo)“進(jin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)”端;出線(xian)(xian)(xian)均接(jie)在(zai)下(xia)方，即(ji)標有“負載”或(huo)(huo)“出線(xian)(xian)(xian)”端。倘若把進(jin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、出線(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)反了，將會導(dao)致保護(hu)器動作后燒毀線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈或(huo)(huo)影響保護(hu)器的接(jie)通、分斷(duan)能力;

6、漏電保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)的安(an)(an)裝：漏電保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)應安(an)(an)裝在進(jin)戶線截面較小(xiao)的配電盤上或(huo)照(zhao)明(ming)配電箱內。安(an)(an)裝在電度表(biao)之后，熔斷(duan)器(qi)之前。 所有照(zhao)明(ming)線路導線(包(bao)括中(zhong)性(xing)線在內)，均必須通過(guo)漏電保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)，且中(zhong)性(xing)線必須與(yu)地絕緣。 垂直安(an)(an)裝，傾斜度不(bu)得超過(guo)5° 。安(an)(an)裝漏電保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)后，不(bu)能拆除單(dan)相閘刀開關或(huo)熔斷(duan)器(qi)等。這樣一是維修設備(bei)時有一個明(ming)顯的斷(duan)開點;二是在刀閘或(huo)熔斷(duan)器(qi)起著短路或(huo)過(guo)負荷保護(hu)(hu)作用;

7、熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)的(de)安(an)裝低(di)壓熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)廣泛用(yong)于(yu)低(di)壓供配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統和(he)控制系統中，主要用(yong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)短(duan)路保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，有(you)(you)時也可用(yong)于(yu)過負載(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。常用(yong)的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)有(you)(you)瓷(ci)插式(shi)(shi)、螺旋式(shi)(shi)、無填(tian)料封(feng)閉式(shi)(shi)和(he)有(you)(you)填(tian)料封(feng)閉式(shi)(shi)。使用(yong)時串(chuan)聯在(zai)被保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)路發生短(duan)路故障，通過熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到或超過某(mou)一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)值(zhi)時，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)以其自(zi)身產生的(de)熱量使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)，從(cong)而(er)自(zi)動分斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，起到保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong);

8、單相(xiang)電能表(電度表)的安裝：單相(xiang)電能表接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)盒里共有(you)四(si)個接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)樁(zhuang)，從左至右按l、2、3、4編號(hao)。直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)方法是按編號(hao)l、3接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)進線(xian)(1接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)相(xiang)線(xian)，3接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)零線(xian))，2、4接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)出線(xian)(2接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)相(xiang)線(xian)，4接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)零線(xian))。

照明電路安(an)裝(zhuang)的技術要求(qiu)：

1、燈具安(an)裝的(de)高(gao)度(du)，室(shi)(shi)外一(yi)般不低于3m，室(shi)(shi)內一(yi)般不低于2.5m。

2、照明(ming)電路應有短路保護。照明(ming)燈(deng)具的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)線必須(xu)經開關控制(zhi)，螺口(kou)燈(deng)頭中心觸應接相(xiang)線，螺口(kou)部分與零線連接。不準將電線直接焊(han)在燈(deng)泡的(de)(de)(de)接點上使用(yong)。絕緣損壞的(de)(de)(de)螺口(kou)燈(deng)頭不得使用(yong)。

3、室內照明開(kai)(kai)關一般(ban)安裝在門(men)邊便(bian)于操作的位置，拉線開(kai)(kai)關一般(ban)應(ying)離(li)地(di)2～3m，暗裝翹板(ban)開(kai)(kai)關一般(ban)離(li)地(di)1.3m，與門(men)框(kuang)的距離(li)一般(ban)為(wei)0.15～0.20m。

4、明裝(zhuang)插(cha)座(zuo)的安裝(zhuang)高度一般(ban)(ban)應(ying)離地(di)1.31.5m。暗(an)裝(zhuang)插(cha)座(zuo)一般(ban)(ban)應(ying)離地(di)0.3m，同一場所暗(an)裝(zhuang)的插(cha)座(zuo)高度應(ying)一致，其高度相差(cha)一般(ban)(ban)應(ying)不(bu)大(da)(da)于5mm，多個插(cha)座(zuo)成(cheng)排(pai)安裝(zhuang)時，其高度應(ying)不(bu)大(da)(da)于2mm。

5、照明裝置的接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)必須(xu)牢固，接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸良(liang)好，接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)時(shi)，相(xiang)線(xian)和零線(xian)要嚴格區別，將(jiang)零線(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)燈(deng)頭上，相(xiang)線(xian)須(xu)經過(guo)開(kai)關(guan)再(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)到(dao)燈(deng)頭。

6、應(ying)采用保護接(jie)地(接(jie)零(ling))的燈具金屬外(wai)殼，要與保護接(jie)地(接(jie)零(ling))干線(xian)連接(jie)完好。

7、燈(deng)(deng)具安裝應牢(lao)固(gu)(gu)，燈(deng)(deng)具質量(liang)(liang)超過3kg時，必須(xu)固(gu)(gu)定在預埋的吊(diao)鉤或螺栓上。軟(ruan)線(xian)吊(diao)燈(deng)(deng)的重量(liang)(liang)限于1kg以下，超過時應加裝吊(diao)鏈。固(gu)(gu)定燈(deng)(deng)具需用接線(xian)盒及(ji)木臺等配(pei)件。

8、照(zhao)明燈具須用安全電壓(ya)時，應采用雙圈變壓(ya)器(qi)或安全隔離變壓(ya)器(qi)，嚴禁使用自耦(單圈)變壓(ya)器(qi)。安全電壓(ya)額定值的等級為42V、36V、24V、12V、6V。

9、燈架及(ji)管(guan)內不允許(xu)有接頭(tou)。

10、導線(xian)在(zai)引(yin)入燈(deng)具處應(ying)有絕緣(yuan)保護，以(yi)免磨損導線(xian)的(de)絕緣(yuan)，也不應(ying)使其承受額外(wai)的(de)拉力;導線(xian)的(de)分(fen)支及(ji)連接處應(ying)便于(yu)檢查。

照明電路(lu)安裝的具體要求：

1、布(bu)局：根據設計的(de)照明電(dian)路圖，確定各(ge)元器(qi)件安裝的(de)位置，要求(qiu)符合要求(qiu)，布(bu)局合理，結構(gou)緊湊，控制(zhi)方(fang)便，美觀大方(fang)。

2、固(gu)定(ding)(ding)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)：將選擇好的器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在網板上，排列各個器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)時必(bi)須整齊。固(gu)定(ding)(ding)的時候，先對角(jiao)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)，再兩邊(bian)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)。要求(qiu)元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)可靠，牢(lao)固(gu)。

3、布線(xian)(xian)(xian)：先處(chu)理(li)好(hao)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，將導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)拉直，消除彎、折，布線(xian)(xian)(xian)要橫(heng)平(ping)豎直，整齊，轉(zhuan)彎成(cheng)直角，并做到高(gao)低一致(zhi)或前后(hou)一致(zhi)，少交叉，應(ying)(ying)盡量避免導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)頭。多根(gen)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)并攏平(ping)行走(zou)。而且在走(zou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)時候緊(jin)緊(jin)的(de)記(ji)著“左零(ling)(ling)右火(huo)”的(de)原(yuan)則(即(ji)左邊接(jie)零(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，右邊接(jie)火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian))。 (4)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)：由上至下，先串(chuan)后(hou)并;接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)正確，牢固(gu)，各接(jie)點不(bu)能松動，敷(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)平(ping)直整齊，無漏銅、反圈(quan)、壓膠，每個接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)上連接(jie)的(de)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)根(gen)數一般不(bu)超過兩根(gen)，絕緣(yuan)性(xing)能好(hao)，外形美(mei)觀。紅(hong)色線(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(L)，黑色線(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)零(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(N)，黃綠雙(shuang)色線(xian)(xian)(xian)專作地線(xian)(xian)(xian)(PE);火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)過開(kai)關，零(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)一般不(bu)進開(kai)關;電(dian)(dian)源火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)進線(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)單相電(dian)(dian)能表(biao)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)“1”，電(dian)(dian)源零(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)進線(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)“3”，端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)“2”為火(huo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)“4”為零(ling)(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)。進出(chu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)應(ying)(ying)合理(li)匯集在端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)排上。

4、檢(jian)查線(xian)(xian)路(lu)：用肉(rou)眼觀看電路(lu)，看有沒(mei)(mei)有接(jie)(jie)出多余線(xian)(xian)頭。參(can)照設計的照明電路(lu)安裝(zhuang)圖檢(jian)查每條線(xian)(xian)是否嚴格按要求來接(jie)(jie)，每條線(xian)(xian)有沒(mei)(mei)有接(jie)(jie)錯位，注意電能表有無接(jie)(jie)反，漏電保護(hu)器、熔斷器、開(kai)關、插座(zuo)等元器件的接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)是否正確。

5、通電(dian)(dian)：送電(dian)(dian)由電(dian)(dian)源端開(kai)始(shi)往負載依次順序送電(dian)(dian)，先合上漏電(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)開(kai)關(guan)，然后合上控(kong)制白熾(chi)(chi)燈(deng)的(de)開(kai)關(guan)，白熾(chi)(chi)燈(deng)正(zheng)常(chang)發(fa)(fa)亮(liang);合上控(kong)制日關(guan)燈(deng)開(kai)關(guan)，日光燈(deng)正(zheng)常(chang)發(fa)(fa)亮(liang);插(cha)座(zuo)可(ke)以正(zheng)常(chang)工作(zuo)，電(dian)(dian)能(neng)表(biao)根據負載大(da)小決定表(biao)盤(pan)轉動(dong)快慢，負荷大(da)時(shi)，表(biao)盤(pan)就轉動(dong)快，用電(dian)(dian)就多。 (7)故障排(pai)除(chu)：操作(zuo)各功能(neng)開(kai)關(guan)時(shi)，若不符(fu)合要求，應立即停電(dian)(dian)，判(pan)斷照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)路的(de)故障，可(ke)以用萬用表(biao)歐姆檔檢查線(xian)路，要注意人身安全(quan)和萬用表(biao)檔位。

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