電力電纜種類及使用場合
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來源：金環宇電線電纜發布(bu)日(ri)期：2019-09-05 09:50
電力電纜有多種(zhong)分(fen)類方法，如核電壓等(deng)級(ji)分(fen)類，按(an)(an)線芯截面積(ji)分(fen)類，按(an)(an)導(dao)體芯教分(fen)類，按(an)(an)絕緣材(cai)料分(fen)類等(deng)。
一、按電壓(ya)等級分類
電纜都是按一定電壓等級(ji)制造(zao)的(de)，電壓等級(ji)依次為:0.5、1、3、6、10、20、35、.60、110、220、330kV。
從施(shi)工技術要求，電纜接頭電纜終(zhong)端頭結構特征及運行維護(hu)等方面(mian)考慮，也可以依據(ju)電壓(ya)(ya)這樣分類:一是低電壓(ya)(ya)電力(li)電纜(1kV)，二是中電壓(ya)(ya)電力(li)電纜(3-35KV)，三是高電壓(ya)(ya)電力(li)電纜(60~330kV)。
電力電纜種(zhong)類(lei)及使用場合
二、按導電(dian)線(xian)芯截面積分(fen)類
我國電力電纜(lan)導電線芯標稱截面(mian)系列為:2.5、4、6、10、16、25、35、50、70、95、120、150、185、240、300、400、500、625、800mm²，共19種。
高(gao)壓(ya)充油電(dian)纜導電(dian)線芯(xin)標稱(cheng)截面積(ji)系列為100、240、400、600、700、845mm²，共(gong)6種。
三(san)、按導電(dian)線芯教分類
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線芯(xin)數有單芯(xin)心、三芯(xin)、四芯(xin)、五(wu)芯(xin)、單芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)通(tong)常(chang)用于(yu)傳送(song)單相(xiang)(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也可(ke)在特殊(shu)場合使(shi)用《如高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機引出(chu)線等(deng)).60kV及(ji)其以上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級的(de)充油、充氣(qi)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)也多(duo)(duo)為單芯(xin)、二芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)多(duo)(duo)用于(yu)傳送(song)單相(xiang)(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。三芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)主(zhu)要用于(yu)三相(xiang)(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中，在35kV及(ji)以下(xia)的(de)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線路(lu)中得到廣泛的(de)應用。四芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)多(duo)(duo)用于(yu)低壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)、中性點接地的(de)三相(xiang)(xiang)四線制系統(四芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)第四芯(xin)截(jie)面(mian) 積通(tong)常(chang)為主(zhu)線芯(xin)截(jie)面(mian)積的(de)40%60%)。只(zhi)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級為1kV的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)才有二芯(xin)和四芯(xin).
控制電纜線芯(xin)數從一到幾十(shi)都(dou)有。
四、按結構特征分類
(1)統包(bao)型。在各芯線外包(bao)有統包(bao)絕緣，并置于同一護套內。
(2)分(fen)相屏藏型(xing)，主要是分(fen)相屏獻(xian)，一般用于(yu)10--35kV電壓級，分(fen)有(you)油紙絕緣式和塑料絕緣式。
(3)鋼(gang)管(guan)型、電(dian)纜(lan)絕綠層的(de)外層采用鋼(gang)管(guan)護套，分鋼(gang)管(guan)充(chong)(chong)油、充(chong)(chong)氣式(shi)(shi)電(dian)纜(lan)和鋼(gang)管(guan)油壓式(shi)(shi)、氣壓式(shi)(shi)電(dian)纜(lan)。
(4)扁平(ping)型。三芯(xin)電纜的橫(heng)斷(duan)面外型星扁平(ping)狀(zhuang)，一般用(yong)于大長度海底電纜。
(5)自(zi)容型，電(dian)纜的護套內有壓力，分自(zi)客(ke)式(shi)充(chong)油電(dian)纜和充(chong)氣電(dian)纜。
五、按(an)敷設的環境條件分類(lei)
電纜按(an)敷(fu)設的環境條件可(ke)分為地(di)下直(zhi)埋(mai)、地(di)下管道、空氣(qi)中、水(shui)底(di)過江河、水(shui)底(di)過海(hai)洋、礦(kuang)井(jing)、高海(hai)拔、鹽霧、大(da)高差(cha)、多移動(dong)、潮熱區等。
環(huan)境因(yin)素(su)一(yi)般對保護(hu)層有一(yi)定(ding)特殊要求(qiu)，如要求(qiu)機械強度，防腐蝕(shi)能力或嬰(ying)求(qiu)增加柔軟度等。
六(liu)、按通電性質分(fen)類
按(an)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)的性質分為(wei)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜和直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的絕緣均按(an)交流(liu)(liu)而設計(ji)(ji)，直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的電(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布與交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜不(bu)同，因(yin)此需要特(te)殊設計(ji)(ji)。
七、按絕緣材(cai)料分(fen)類
1、塑(su)料絕緣電纜
塑料(liao)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)制(zhi)造簡單，重量輕，終端頭和(he)中間(jian)接(jie)頭制(zhi)作(zuo)容易，彎曲半徑小，敷(fu)設簡單。維護方便，并具有(you)耐(nai)化學腐(fu)蝕和(he)一定(ding)耐(nai)水性能。適用于(yu)高菩(pu)羞和(he)垂直敷(fu)設，塑料(liao)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)有(you)聚(ju)氯乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)、聚(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)和(he)交(jiao)聯聚(ju)乙(yi)(yi)鋪(pu)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，聚(ju)氣乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)一般用于(yu)10kV及(ji)以(yi)下的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線路中，交(jiao)聯聚(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)多用于(yu)6kV及(ji)以(yi)上乃至110- 220kV的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線路中。
2.橡皮絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜
由于橡皮富有彈性，性能穩定，有較好(hao)的電(dian)氣、機械、化學性能，多用(yong)于6kV及以下的電(dian)纜線路。
3.阻燃聚氧乙烯絕緣電纜
前述塑料電纜和橡皮絕緣電纜，其絕緣材料有一個共同的缺點，就是 其有可燃性，當線路中或接頭處發生事故時，電纜可能因局都過熱面燒，并導致擴大事故，阻燃電纜是在案氯乙唏絕緣中(zhong)加(jia)阻燃劑，即使在明(ming)火燒(shao)烤下(xia)(xia)，其絕級也不(bu)會燃燒(shao)。這(zhe)種電纜(lan)屬(shu)于(yu)塑科電纜(lan)的一(yi)種，用于(yu)10kV及以下(xia)(xia)的電纜(lan)線路中(zhong)。
4.油及紙絕緣電力(li)電纜
油沒(mei)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是(shi)應用(yong)(yong)鼓廣的一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。在I-330kV各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中都被廣泛(fan)采用(yong)(yong)、油沒(mei)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是(shi)以紙(zhi)(zhi)為主要絕(jue)緣(yuan)，以絕(jue)緣(yuan)漫漬劑充分浸(jin)漬制成的。根據沒(mei)濃情況和絕(jue)緣(yuan)結構的不(bu)同(tong)，油浸(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)又(you)可分為下列幾種(zhong)。
(1)普通(tong)粘性浸漬絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。它是一般常用(yong)(yong)的(de)油漫紙絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)沒費(fei)劑(ji)是由低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)油和(he)松(song)香混合而(er)成的(de)貓性浸清劑(ji)。根據結構不間(jian)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)又分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)統包(bao)型(xing)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)相(xiang)鉛(鋁)包(bao)型(xing)和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)相(xiang)屏蔽型(xing)I統包(bao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)多(duo)線(xian)(xian)芯共用(yong)(yong)一個(ge)金(jin)屬(shu)護(hu)套。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于10KV及以下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級。分(fen)(fen)(fen)相(xiang)鉛(鋁包(bao)想電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)每(mei)個(ge)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯都有金(jin)屬(shu)護(hu)套。分(fen)(fen)(fen)相(xiang)屏敏型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)加(jia)屏蔽層，并共用(yong)(yong)一個(ge)金(jin)屬(shu)護(hu)套。后兩種電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于20-35kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級。
(2)滴干(gan)絕緣電(dian)纜。它是絕緣層感度增加的粘性漫費紙(zhi)絕綠(lv)電(dian)纜，浸漬后經過滴出浸藏判制成、滴干(gan)絕緣電(dian)微適用于(yu)10kv及以下(xia)電(dian)壓等(deng)級和落流較大的場(chang)合(he)。
(3)不(bu)(bu)滴(di)流浸潰電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。它(ta)的結(jie)構、尺寸與滴(di)干絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜相同，但用不(bu)(bu)滿(man)流浸清(qing)(qing)劑浸清(qing)(qing)制(zhi)造。不(bu)(bu)滿(man)流沒遺劑系低床電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜油(you)和(he)某些(xie)塑料及合(he)成地(di)蠟的混合(he)物.不(bu)(bu)滿(man)流浸清(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜適用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級不(bu)(bu)超過10kV高(gao)落(luo)空電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜線路以及熱帶地(di)區(qu)。
(4)油壓油浸紙絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)它包括自容(rong)式充氣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和鋼管充氣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)浸漬劑一般為低粘度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)油。充油電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)用于35kV及(ji)以上電(dian)(dian)壓等級的(de)(de)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)
(5)氣(qi)壓油投紙絕緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)它包(bao)括自容式充(chong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和鋼(gang)管(guan)充(chong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。多用于35kV及以(yi)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)壓等級的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線路(lu)中。
